Another charging possibility is charging robots. I saw somebody is already rolling this out--I think it was in an airport parking srucutre. In a big parking garage, you don't need to put chargers at a high number of spaces. Instead, the charging robots live at the few centralised charging stations. When you park, or at lunch if that's when you think of it, you open your app and tell the robots you want a charge while you are there. At its leisure, the charging robot trundles over to your car and drops off a big battery charging pack. When the charge is complete, the robot comes back and returns the battery pack the the central charging station. This could work in large parking lots, too, like at the mall. It's a very efficient use of the charging station. Right now it is a problem that somebody puts their vehicle on a charger and it sits there all day, preventing others from using it. Some places have instituted fines if you leave the car on the charger after it has charged, but that is a terrible solution.